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SAYYID ALIYU HUSAINI SISTANI
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RAYUWARSA
RAYUWARSAAn haifi mai martaba Ayatullahil Uzma Aliyu Sistani ne a garin Mashhad birnin da Makwancin Imam Ridha (A.S.) Imami na takwas daga zuriyar gidan Manzo (SAWA) yake a shekarar 1349 Hijriyya, a watan Rabi’ul Awwal, wato shekarar 1931 Miladiyya. Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na elemantare da mukaddima da na marhalar tsakatsaki nan da nan sai ya ci gaba da bibiyar darrusan aiki da hankali da kuma fannin sanin Ubangiji a gurin manyan malamai masanan wadannan fannoni kuma masu koyar da su; har ya samu ya dandake su da kyau. Daga bisani sai ya shiga marhalar karatun share fagen ijtihadi a nan garin Mashhad inda ya amfana daga irin ra’ayin Malami mai yawan sani kuma ma’abucin binciken nan Allama Mirza Mahadi Isfahani (R.A.). Daga nan kuma sai ya tashi takanas zuwa makarantar ilimin addini da ke garin ilimi na birnin Kum a zamanin babban malami kuma Marja’i Sidi Husaini Burujurdi (R.A.) a shekakar 1368 Hijiriyya wato shekarar 1948 Nasariyya inda ya halarci darusan manyan malamai ma’abuta daraja ciki har Ayatullah Burjurdi a fannonin fikihu da Usuli kuma ya amfana sosai daga kwarewarsa a fannin fikihu da kuma irin ra’ayinsa a ilimin sanin maruwaitan hadisi, da fannin hadisin kansa kamar kuma yadda ya halarci darusan fikihu a gurin babban malamin nan ma’abucin daraja Sidi Hujjat Kauhakmari (R.A.) da kuma Sauran Malamai ma’abuta falala a zamanin. Bayan ya yi shekaru uku cif-cif ne kuma sai ya sake daura damara ya tafi garin Najaf cibiyar ilimin addini inda ya duka karatu a gaban taskokin ilimi da tunanin wancan zamanin kamarsu Imam Hakim da shaikh Husain Hilli da Imam Khu’i Allah Ya kara musu rahama. Ya lizimci darussan Sidi Imam Khu’i a fikihu da kuma Usulul fikihi sama da shekaru goma kamar kuma yadda ya karanci usulul Fikihi daga farko har karshensa a gaban Shaikh Hilli. Tun daga shekarar 1381 Hijiriyya wato 1961 Miladiyya ya dukufa wajen ba da Laccoci ga darussan share fagen matakin farko na ijtihadi a bisa asasin littafin Makasib na shaikhul A’azam Al- Ansari (R.A.) Kana ya biyar da sharhin littafin Urwatul Wuthka na Sidi Fakihi Tabataba’i (R.A.) inda tun a wancan lokacin ya kammala sharhin kitabut Tahara da kuma yawancin furu’in kitabus Salat da wani sashe na Kitabul Khums. Kamar kuma yadda ya fara bayar da darasin Usuli a shekarar 1384, 1964 inda ya kammala a bisa salon ba da laccoci ga masu shirin zama Mujtahidai, a watan sha’aban shekarar 1411, dalibansa sun rubuce darrusansa na Usuli da Kuma Fikihi. Wasu Malaman garin Najaf sun bayyana cewa bayan rasuwar Ayatullahi Sidi Nasrullahi Al- Mustambat, wasu daga cikin manyan malamai sun shawarci Imam Khu’i da cewa ya ayyana wani da za a iya dogaro da shi wajen karewa da kiyaye makarantun addinin garin Najaf, zabin wannan zamanin shi ne Sidi Sistani saboda falalar iliminsa da kyawun halinsa da tafarkinsa da kuma tsayuwarsa yana ba da salla a mumbarin Sidi Khu’i (R.A.) da yin bayanai a makarantarsa da kuma rubuta karin bayani a kan Risalar shi Sidi Khu’i din (R.A.). Bayan rasuwar Imam Sidi Khu’i yana daga cikin mutane shidan da suka raka gawarsa kamar kuma yadda ya kasance shi ne ya sallace shi. Daga bisani ne kuma ya dauki matsayin shugabancin makarantun addini na garin Najaf yana aikewa da izinin tara Khumusi da rarraba hakkoki, yi masa takalidi kuma ya fara yaduwa musamman ma a Iraki, da kasashen Yankin Tekun Parisa da sauran gurare kamarsu Indiya da da sauransu musamman ma a tsakanin Malaman Makarantun addini da kuma masana ilimin Zamani da matasa saboda saninsa da suka yi da ci gaban tunani da ra’ayi. Shi yana daga cikin ’yan kalilan din da ke daga cikin manyan malaman fikihu da ake ambatawa daga cikin mafifita a ilimi tare da shaidar da dama daga malamai masana ta kan ilimi da kuma masu koyarwa a makarantun addini a garin Najaf mai alfarma da birnin Kum mai tsarki. Baya ga koyarwarsa ta tarbiyyantar da manyan dalibai wadanda hatta wasunsu sun kai ga koyar da darasin share fagen Ijtihadi; kamarsu Allama Shaikh Mahdi Marwarid da Allama Sidi Habib Husainani, da Allama Sidi Murtadha Isfahani, da Allama Shaikh Bakir Irawani da sauransu da dama da ke daga cikin manyan makarantun addini, yana da rubuce-rubuce domin wadata makarantun addini da littafan da ake bukata . Ga Sunayen wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa kamar haka:- 1- Sharhul Urwatul Wuthka - Littafin fikihu mafi girman matsayi da ake karantawa. 2- Kitabul kadha 3- Al- Buhuthul Usuliyya 4- Kitabul Bai’i wal Khiyarat 5- Risalatun Fil Libasul Mashkukun Fihi 6- Risalatun Fil Ka’idatul Yadi. 7- Risalatun Fi Salatul Musafir 8- Risalatun Fi Ka’idati Tajawuz Wal Farag. 9- Risalatun Fil Kibla 10- Risalatun Fil Takiyya 11- Risalatun Fi Ka’idatul Ilzam 12- Risalatun Fil Ijtihadi Wat Taklid 13- Risalatun Fi Ka’idati La- Dharara 14- Risalatun Fir Riba 15- Risalatun Fi Hujjiyyati Marasilu bin Abi Umair. 16- Nakdi Risalata Tashihil Asanid Lil Ardabil 17- Sharhu Mashikhatut Tahzib 18- Risalatun Fi Masalikil Kudama Fi hujjiyyatul Akhbar.
Wasu Malaman garin Najaf sun bayyana cewa bayan rasuwar Ayatullahi Sidi Nasrullahi Al- Mustambat, wasu daga cikin manyan malamai sun shawarci Imam Khu’i da cewa ya ayyana wani da za a iya dogaro da shi wajen karewa da kiyaye makarantun addinin garin Najaf, zabin wannan zamanin shi ne Sidi Sistani saboda falalar iliminsa da kyawun halinsa da tafarkinsa da kuma tsayuwarsa yana ba da salla a mumbarin Sidi Khu’i (R.A.) da yin bayanai a makarantarsa da kuma rubuta karin bayani a kan Risalar shi Sidi Khu’i din (R.A.). Bayan rasuwar Imam Sidi Khu’i yana daga cikin mutane shidan da suka raka gawarsa kamar kuma yadda ya kasance shi ne ya sallace shi. Daga bisani ne kuma ya dauki matsayin shugabancin makarantun addini na garin Najaf yana aikewa da izinin tara Khumusi da rarraba hakkoki, yi masa takalidi kuma ya fara yaduwa musamman ma a Iraki, da kasashen Yankin Tekun Parisa da sauran gurare kamarsu Indiya da da sauransu musamman ma a tsakanin Malaman Makarantun addini da kuma masana ilimin zamani da matasa saboda saninsa da suka yi da ci gaban tunani da ra’ayi. Shi yana daga cikin ’yan kalilan din da ke daga cikin manyan malaman fikihu da ake ambatawa daga cikin mafifita a ilimi tare da shaidar da dama daga malamai masana ta kan ilimi da kuma masu koyarwa a makarantun addini a garin Najaf mai alfarma da birnin Kum mai tsarki. Matsa Wannan Alama Don Komawa Sama |
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